చంద్రశేఖర వెంకట రామన్ జీవిత
చరిత్ర
Sir Chandrashekhara Venkata Raman (7
November 1888 – 21 November 1970) was an Indian Tamil physicist. He discovered
that when light traverses a transparent material, some of the deflected light
changes wavelength and amplitude. This phenomenon, subsequently known as Raman
scattering, results from the Raman effect. In 1954, India honoured him with its
highest civilian award, the Bharat Ratna.
Early life and Education
C. V. Raman was born in a Tamil Hindu
family to Chandrashekaran Ramanathan Iyer and Parvathi Ammal. His father,
initially a school teacher, became a lecturer in mathematics and physics in a
college in Vishakhapatnam.Raman studied in St. Aloysius Anglo-Indian High
School at Vishakapatnam. He was a brilliant student and passed his
matriculation examination when he was just 11. At the age of 13 he passed his
F.A. examination (equivalent to today’s intermediate examination) with a
scholarship. He joined the Presidency College in Madras in 1902 and received
his B.A. in physics in 1904. He topped the exams and won a gold medal. Three
years later, he earned his M.A. degree in 1907.
Career
Though he was deeply interested in
science, he appeared for the Financial Civil Service (FCS) examination at the
insistence of his father. He topped the examination and went to Calcutta in
1907 to join the Indian Finance Department as Assistant Accountant General. Still
his interest was in scientific research and he began conducting research at the
Indian Association for Cultivation of Sciences during his free time. His job
was very hectic, yet he was so dedicated towards science that he often spent
nights at research.
Even though the facilities available at
the association were very limited, it did not deter Raman at all who went on to
publish his findings in leading international journals like ‘Nature’, ‘The
Philosophical Magazine’, and ‘Physics Review’. During this time, his research
was basically in the areas of vibrations and acoustics. In 1917, he got the
opportunity to join the University of Calcutta as the first Palit Professor of
Physics. Raman happily resigned from his government post to take up this
position though the new job paid much less than the previous one. Such was his
dedication to science.
In 1919, he was made the Honorary
Secretary of the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, a post he
held till 1933. During the late 1920s he experimented on the scattering of
light by observing the behavior of monochromatic light which penetrated
transparent materials and fell on a spectrograph. This led to the discovery of
what came to be known as ‘Raman Effect’ which he presented at a meeting of
scientists in 1928.
He was invited by the Indian Institute
of Science (IISc) Bangalore to become its director. He accepted the post in
1933, becoming the first Indian to hold this post. He served as the director
till 1937 though he continued as the head of the Physics Department till 1948.
Personal Life & Legacy
He married Lokasundari Ammal in 1907 and
had two sons with her—Chandrasekhar and Radhakrishnan. He lived a long and
productive life and was active till the very end. He died in 1970 at the age of
82.
Major Works
He is best known for discovering the
‘Raman Effect’, or the inelastic scattering of a photon. He showed through
experimentation that when light traverses a transparent material, some of the
deflected light changes in wavelength. This was a ground breaking discovery in
early 20th century physics.
Awards & Achievements
He won the 1930 Nobel Prize in Physics
"for his work on the scattering of light and for the discovery of the
Raman Effect", becoming the first Indian to win a Nobel Prize in the
sciences. He was honored with the Bharat Ratna, India’s highest civilian award,
in 1954 in recognition of his invaluable contributions to the field of science.
Download...C. V. Raman Biography in Telugu Pdf
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