జగదీశ్ చంద్ర బోస్ గారి జీవిత చరిత్ర
Sir Jagadish Chandra Bose (30 November 1858 – 23 November 1937) was a biologist, physicist, botanist and an early writer of science fiction. He pioneered the investigation of radio and microwave optics, made significant contributions to plant science, and laid the foundations of experimental science in the Indian subcontinent. IEEE named him one of the fathers of radio science. Bose is considered the father of Bengali science fiction, and also invented the crescograph, a device for measuring the growth of plants. A crater on the moon has been named in his honour. He founded Bose Institute, a premier research institute of India and also one of its oldest. Established in 1917, the institute was the first interdisciplinary research centre in Asia. He served as the Director of Bose Institute from its inception until his death.
Jagadish Chandra Bose with other
prominent scientists from Calcutta University
Born in Munshiganj, Bengal Presidency, during British governance of India (now in Bangladesh), Bose graduated from St. Xavier's College, Calcutta (now Kolkata, West Bengal, India). He went to the University of London, England to study medicine, but could not pursue studies in medicine because of health problems. Instead, he conducted his research with the Nobel Laureate Lord Rayleigh at Cambridge and returned to India. He joined the Presidency College of the University of Calcutta as a professor of physics. There, despite racial discrimination and a lack of funding and equipment, Bose carried on his scientific research. He made remarkable progress in his research of remote wireless signalling and was the first to use semiconductor junctions to detect radio signals. However, instead of trying to gain commercial benefit from this invention, Bose made his inventions public in order to allow others to further develop his research.
Bose subsequently made a number of
pioneering discoveries in plant physiology. He used his own invention, the
Crescograph, to measure plant response to various stimuli, and thereby
scientifically proved parallelism between animal and plant tissues. Although
Bose filed for a patent for one of his inventions because of peer pressure, his
objection to any form of patenting was well known. To facilitate his research,
he constructed automatic recorders capable of registering extremely slight
movements; these instruments produced some striking results, such as quivering
of injured plants, which Bose interpreted as a power of feeling in plants. His
books include Response in the Living and Non-Living (1902) and
The Nervous Mechanism of Plants (1926). In a 2004 BBC poll, Bose was voted seventh Greatest Bengali of all
time.
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