Gregor Johann Mendel Biography in Telugu
గ్రెగర్ జోహన్ మెండల్ జీవిత చరిత్ర
Gregor Johann Mendel (20 July 1822 – 6
January 1884) was a scientist, Augustinian friar and abbot of St. Thomas' Abbey
in Brno, Margraviate of Moravia. Mendel was born in a German-speaking family in
the Silesian part of the Austrian Empire (today's Czech Republic) and gained
posthumous recognition as the founder of the modern science of genetics. Though
farmers had known for millennia that crossbreeding of animals and plants could
favor certain desirable traits, Mendel's pea plant experiments conducted between
1856 and 1863 established many of the rules of heredity, now referred to as the
laws of Mendelian inheritance.
Mendel worked with seven characteristics
of pea plants: plant height, pod shape and color, seed shape and color, and
flower position and color. Taking seed color as an example, Mendel showed that
when a true-breeding yellow pea and a true-breeding green pea were cross-bred
their offspring always produced yellow seeds. However, in the next generation,
the green peas reappeared at a ratio of 1 green to 3 yellow. To explain this
phenomenon, Mendel coined the terms "recessive" and
"dominant" in reference to certain traits. (In the preceding example,
the green trait, which seems to have vanished in the first filial generation, is
recessive and the yellow is dominant.) He published his work in 1866,
demonstrating the actions of invisible "factors"—now called genes—in
predictably determining the traits of an organism.
The profound significance of Mendel's
work was not recognized until the turn of the 20th century (more than three
decades later) with the rediscovery of his laws. Erich von Tschermak, Hugo de
Vries, Carl Correns and William Jasper Spillman independently verified several
of Mendel's experimental findings, ushering in the modern age of genetics.
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